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Back bonding is a type of weaker n-bond which is formed by side wise overlapping of a filled orbital with empty orbital that are present on adjacent directly banded atoms in a molecule.
Back bonding is also considered as inter a molecule Lewis acid-base interaction.Hence,it is also called II-dative band.
CONDITION OF BACK BONDING
For effective and considirable back-bonding between two bonded atoms in a molecule,Following conditions must be simurtareously satisfied.
1.Either both atoms should belong to second period element or one of them should belong to third period and other must be of second period element.If both atoms belong to third period element then back bonding is neglible and generally not considered. etc
2.Octet doner atom must be completed and atleast one lone pair must be present on it and accept or atom must have vacrt orbital.
3.Among speed orbitals is dx*2 -y*2 dz orbitals do not participalte in back bonding while all orbitals and remaining d orbitals participate in back bonding.
STRENGTH POF BACK BONDING
2pn-2pn>2pn-3dn>2pn-3pn
COMPARISON BETWEEN BACK BOND AND COORDINATE BAND
1.Coordinate bond formation is on inter molecular lewis-acid base interaction.Hence it is called sigmadative while back bonding is on inter molecular lewis-asid base interaction.Hence,it is called II-dative bond.
2.Condition for donar and acceptor is same for both type of bond.
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