SOLUBILITY

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SOLUBILITY:

 -A solute will be soluble in water if its ion or molecules extensively hydrated or they form higher extent of H-bond with H2O molecule.

Generally ionic camp are more soluble in H2O then covalent compound but there are certain compound glucose,Sucrose,Vera,Lower,Alcohol,Lower carboxylic acid are highly soluble in H2O.

MOLECULAR WEIGHT:

Lower carboxylic acids are found to be in dimmeric form in vapour state and in non.Polar substance like C6H6,CS2.Hence,if their molecular weight is determined by vapour density management or colligative then their molecular weight isfound to be twice to that of M.W. of single molecule.

HF.is found to be in dimmeric and polymeric form in vapour phase (HF)=n-2-6

INTER MOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION:

They include attractive and repulsive forces working among covalent molecules or atoms.

Vanderwall force include attractive forces.

INSTANTANEOUS DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE INTERACTION OR LONDON DISPERSION FORCE:

-An atom or non-polar covalent molecule attends inst.dipole due to deformation of its e-cloud caused by collision with the wall of container or other atom or molecule.This inst.dipole induces dipole on other atom or molecule.Thus,inst.dipole induced dipole interaction are developed.

-An non-polar covalent molecule may be polar at a particular instant due to development inst.dipole but on time average it remains non-polar.

-The magnitude of London dispersion forces depends on deformobility of e-cloud of atomic or molecular species.

Hence,generally it is considered that the magnitude of London dispersion forces depends on atomic orbital molecular weight.

-The magnitude of LDF in Ha>He.

-London dispersion forces depends are present among non-polar species,polar species ionic solid,polar and non-polar species but magnitude of LDF are considerable and remarkable in non-polar species.

-In isomeric alkane and alkane halide as surface area for interaction hence the magnitude of vanderwall interaction.

-The magnitude of Vanderwall forces of attraction among covalent molecule formed between non-metal.Non-metal directly propotional to M.W. of the compound provided same type of interaction must be present.

SOLUBILITY OF NOBLE GASES IN WATER:

Noble gases are practically non-stable in water because the magnitude of dipole induce dipole interaction between H2O molecule and noble gas-atom is less then sum of magnitudes of H-bond between H2O molecules and LDF between noble gas atoms.However,their relative solubility He to Xe due to magnitude of dipole induce dipole interaction between noble gas atoms and H2O molecule.